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This study aimed to evaluate the associations between type and route of hormone use (such as birth control pills, estrogen/progestin pills, estrogen only patch) and urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in pre- and post-menopausal women. The researchers utilized data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005-2012 and included both pre- and post-menopausal women aged 13 years and older. UI was defined as experiencing urinary leakage "less than once a month" or more, and POP was defined as an affirmative response to "experience bulging in the vaginal area". The results showed that birth control pills, estrogen/progestin pills, and estrogen-only patch use were associated with UI in pre-menopausal women. Birth control pills were also associated with POP in pre-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women, estrogen-only pills and estrogen/progestin pill use were associated with UI, while birth control pill use was associated with POP. The study found no association between estrogen patch or estrogen/progestin patch use and UI or POP in post-menopausal women. The findings suggest that the type and route of hormone use have varied associations with UI and POP in pre- and post-menopausal women. The researchers recommend further prospective studies to evaluate these relationships in more detail.
Meta Tag
Concept
Urinary Incontinence
Concept
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Concept
Menopausal Status
Concept
Hormone Therapy
Concept
Birth Control Pill
Keywords
hormone use
birth control pills
estrogen/progestin pills
estrogen-only patch
urinary incontinence
pelvic organ prolapse
pre-menopausal women
post-menopausal women
NHANES
associations
Urinary Incontinence
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Menopausal Status
Hormone Therapy
Birth Control Pill
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