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The study aimed to measure the short-term stability and resilience of the genitourinary microbiota, as well as the compositional differences in bacteria between midstream voided urine and peri-urethral swab specimens in pre-menopausal community women. The study involved 7 participants who collected midstream voided urine and peri-urethral swab specimens each morning for 17 or 18 consecutive days.<br /><br />The bacterial composition of the samples was assessed using an enhanced quantitative urine culture (EQUC) protocol. The stability of the microbiota was assessed by comparing the species-level composition of the samples each day, while the resilience was assessed by comparing the genus-level composition of each day to an 'average day'.<br /><br />The results showed that the microbiota of midstream voided urine varied from day to day in healthy females, with most showing a lack of overall stability but a tendency towards resilience. 5 out of 7 participants met the criterion for stability when assessing pairs of consecutive days alone. The microbiota of midstream voided urine and peri-urethra differed in most participants, with differences detected in both species composition and colony count.<br /><br />The study concluded that the genitourinary microbiota in pre-menopausal community women exhibits variability and resilience. This study is the first attempt to characterize the stability and resilience of the genitourinary microbiota using enhanced culture methods. Further studies with larger sample sizes can help assess the factors that affect the stability and resilience of the genitourinary microbiota, such as diet, hygiene, sexual activity, and menstruation.<br /><br />Overall, this study provides insights into the development, risk, and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) through a better understanding of the genitourinary microbiota.

Keywords

short-term stability

resilience

genitourinary microbiota

bacterial composition

midstream voided urine

peri-urethral swab specimens

pre-menopausal community women

enhanced quantitative urine culture

species-level composition

genus-level composition