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Three-dimensional Anatomy Characteristics of the B ...
Three-dimensional Anatomy Characteristics of the Bladder Urethra and Vagina: Trends of Change in Different Number of Birth - Lan Chen, MD
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This study examined trends in fine anatomical variation in the bladder, urethra, and vagina following different vaginal deliveries. A total of 176 three-dimensional models were constructed and eight parameters related to the bladder and urethra were measured. No significant differences were found between the subgroups, but there were tendencies for certain angles to increase with delivery times. The opposite trend was seen in the urethra tilt angle. There were seven parameters related to the vagina, and measurements for mid-urethral and vaginal gap tended to become wider as delivery time increased. The opposite was seen in the distal gap. The shape of the mid-vaginal cross-section and the proportion of shallow concave types also increased significantly after the third delivery. These changes suggest that as delivery times through the vagina increase, the lateral support function of the vagina and urethra becomes relatively weaker. These findings highlight the impact of delivery times on the anatomical characteristics of the bladder, urethra, and vagina.
Keywords
anatomical variation
bladder
urethra
vagina
vaginal deliveries
three-dimensional models
delivery times
bladder and urethra
vaginal gap
mid-vaginal cross-section
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